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BOOK OF THE WEEK <br><br>Koh-i-Noor: The Hi story Of The World 's Most Infamous Diamond<br><br>by William Dalrymple and Anita Anand<br><br>(Bloomsbury £16.99)<br><br>The Koh-i-Noor diamond, which weighs 105 carats (or 21 grams), currently resides in the Queen Consort's crown, kept under guard in the Tower of London.<br><br>The Queen Mother wore it to State Openings of Parliament during the reign of George VI, and its last public outing was upon the cushion on the coffin at her state funeral in 2002.<br><br>Its next wearer is likely to be ‘Queen' Camilla at the coronation of King Charles III. If the Duchess of Cornwall reads this book about its history, however, she may start to have misgivings.<br><br>Coronation gem: The Queen Mother wearing the Koh-i-Noor (circled) in 1937, with Princess Elizabeth <br><br>‘The gem rained misfortune on unworthy mortal custodians,' we are told by William Dalrymple and Anita Anand.<br><br>On the very day it arrived in London in 1850, Queen Victoria was hit on the head by a would-be assassin and former prime minister Robert Peel was thrown from his horse — an accident that killed him.<br><br>The Koh-i-Noor, with its ‘short but irregular crystal tails', got its name (meaning ‘mountain of light') from its resemblance to ‘declivities falling from a Himalayan snow-peak'.<br><br>RELATED ARTICLES<br>Previous<br><br>1<br>Next<br><br>Beastly swots, jolly japes and very big knickers: Julie... 'It was a bug more deadly than bullets or bombs': How in... <br>Share this article<br>Share Indian diamonds are alluvial, sieved and extracted as natural crystals from the sand and gravel of riverbeds.<br><br>Quite where the Koh-i-Noor came from nobody knows — it may have been the eye of an idol in a temple in southern India, stolen by marauding Turks. But we do know it was at the centre of centuries of bloody conquests as it bounced bewilderingly between rulers and despots.<br><br>By 500BC in Asia, diamonds were fashioned into rings — ‘gods were supposed to dwell in a particle of diamond' and in the Indian royal courts, jewellery rather than clothing was the principal form of adornment. Princes and their concubines were covered in ‘a fabulous profusion of jewelled ornaments' as a conspicuous display of power.<br><br>Koh-i-Noor: The Hi story Of The World 's Most Infamous Diamond by William Dalrymple and Anita Anand<br><br>Dalrymple and Anand first find a mention of the Koh-i-Noor in 1547. It next turns up in the despatch of a British ambassador in 1616, who described the Mughal emperors as ‘laden with diamonds, rubies, pearls'.<br><br>Shah Jahan, builder of the Taj Mahal, acquired the [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.pandakidgame.jewelstar Jewel Star 2018] in 1656, and believed it made him ‘a sun king, almost a sun god'.<br><br>At the Red Fort in Agra he commissioned the Peacock Throne, ‘designed to resemble and evoke the fabled throne of Solomon', which had a canopy studded with gems and held aloft on a column of emeralds. The Koh-i-Noor was set in the peacock's crown and was guarded by eunuchs.<br><br>Jahan was imprisoned by his sons and died in captivity. His successors were variously murdered — one of them was first blinded with a hot needle, the father of another ruler was ‘forced off a precipice on his elephant' and wives and mothers were strangled.<br><br>Delhi was then invaded by Persians and, in 1739, the populace put to the sword. ‘It seemed as if it were raining blood, for the drains were streaming with it,' ran a report.<br><br>Nader Shah, the scourge of the Ottoman Empire, transported the Mughal treasury to Tehran in a caravan consisting of 700 elephants, 4,000 camels and 12,000 horses. He'd received the Koh-i-Noor from the defeated Mughal emperor, Mohammud Shah, who wore it in his turban.<br><br>Nader Shah was the kind of despot who had his son blinded ‘and his eyes brought to him on a platter'. When he was assassinated, the Koh-i-Noor was spirited away to Kandahar. Nader Shah's grandson had molten lead poured over his head to try to force revelation of its whereabouts.<br><br>The jewel next appeared in the possession of Ahmad Shah, who had a gangrenous ulcer on his face that ravaged his brain.<br><br>The Koh-i-Noor diamond, which weighs 105 carats (or 21 grams), currently resides in the Queen Consort's crown, kept under guard in the Tower of London.<br><br>‘By 1772, maggots were dropping from the upper part of Ahmad Shah's rotten nose into his mouth and food as he ate.' He ingeniously hid the Koh-i-Noor from his enemies in a crack in the wall.<br><br>Examining poems, illuminated manuscripts and sculpted friezes, Dalrymple and Anand next spot the jewel on a bracelet in Kabul. Was it taken there by an Afghan bodyguard or a harem attendant? New owner Maharaja Ranjit Singh ‘loved the Koh-i-Noor with a rare passion and wore it on all public occasions'.<br><br>By this stage, the British were establishing themselves in India. When Ranjit died, English diplomats were appalled to have to witness the ‘abominable ceremony' of suttee, in which his wives, ‘devoted to their husband in life and beyond', were compelled to incinerate themselves on his cremation pyre.<br><br>As the cruelties mount up — dismembering troublesome relatives and leaving them to bleed to death; protracted poisonings; so-called accidents with ‘a double-barrelled fowling-piece'; the plundering of people's property — it is evident that the Koh-i-Noor was, quite simply, a spoil of war.<br><br>In fact, the jewel never peaceably changed hands. Within a few years of Ranjit's death in 1839, three Maharajas who hoped to possess it were murdered.<br><br>Its next wearer is likely to be ‘Queen' Camilla at the coronation of King Charles III. If the Duchess of Cornwall reads this book about its history, however, she may start to have misgivings<br><br>Ten years later, on the British conquest of the Punjab, the Koh-i-Noor, as ‘the single most valuable object in India', was handed to the Earl of Dalhousie, representing Queen Victoria. It was transported to England — though an outbreak of cholera on the ship put the vessel in danger of being forcibly sunk for quarantine purposes.<br><br>Once safely in England, it was the star item at the Great Exhibition in 1851. But the diamond was deemed disappointingly dull, so it was cut and polished by Garrard, the Crown jewellers — a process in which it lost 42 per cent of its original weight.<br><br>Queen Victoria wore it on a sash during a visit to Paris, ‘wordlessly conveying a sense of the power and reach of the British monarch'.<br><br>Today, as ‘a sort of historical emblem of conquest in India', the presence of the diamond in London is contentious. India, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan and even the Taliban have asked for its return, and it is now a ‘diplomatic grenade'.<br><br>When, however, James Callaghan was pestered by the prime minister of Pakistan in 1976, it is his response which remains masterly: ‘In the light of the confused past history of the Koh-i-Noor diamond, the clear British title to it [in the 1849 peace treaty with the Maharaja of Lahore, which concluded the Second Anglo-Sikh War], and the multiplicity of claims which would undoubtedly be made to it if its future were ever thought to be in doubt, I could not advise Her Majesty that it should be surrendered to any other country.'<br><br>In light of its poisoned chalice status, the Queen, we note, ‘is taking no chances' and has never personally worn the Koh-i-Noor.<br><br><br><br><br> <br><br>If you're ready to find out more info regarding [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.pandakidgame.jewelstar Jewel Star 2018] look at our own page.
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TOKYO Japan's aluminum premium for shipments during January to March next year was set at $95 per ton, as spot premiums rose following a disruption at an Australian smelter, six sources directly involved in the quarterly pricing talks said. Guangdong is an aluminum fabricating base in China, the world's top consumer and producer of aluminum. Any unexpected move in exports could drive global prices. But declines in base metals picked up the pace on Friday, with copper the biggest loser in the commodities complex. Keep an eye on that inbox! You should receive your first newsletter within the next week. The quarterly pricing negotiations began last month between Japanese buyers and global producers, including Alcoa Inc , Rio Tinto and South32 Ltd, with offers ranging between $80 and $82 a tonne. Over the years we've worked closely with companies that make a diverse array of products. We have learned about the needs of several different industries because we've devised customized aluminum fabrication and manufacturing strategies to meet their specifications. However, we understand every company or product is different even if they belong to the same industry. We tailor-make solutions for every client's company, goals, and aluminum needs. This refers to toys, bookmarks, etc. It is fun to put some aluminum beads to a toy elephant. The bookmark you can use or give to a friend as present. It sure will be appreciated. You can make flower arrangements with different colors of beads, or make a hit with some woven works that include beads.<br><br>I wish to applyfor the position, above,ask advertice on on 24 june 2013. (Pleace addyour message here) my position SPRAY PAINTER, my contact number. 09399547809. Most fabricating plants in Nanhai city, which consumes about 60,000 tonnes of aluminium per month, had closed shop for the Lunar New Year next week, the fabricating sources said. Aluminium can also be used for bed skirting. Here, the fabricator puts a decorative aluminium fabric in between the mattress and the bed's box spring. This helps to achieve a stylish appearance of the bed without revealing the spring part as well as any space below the bed that is used for storing items. This kind of fabrication is good for those who want their beds to look different, unique and fashionable. Good reputations take years to develop. At Whitehall Industries we understand the importance of continually building our reputation as a manufacturer of world class quality machined and fabricated aluminum extrusion. In turn, our good reputation protects yours.<br><br>In one scene, Mahmoud and his team take Adnan on his first visit to the Burj Khalifa - more than two years after its lavish opening. Starting in Blacksmiths shops with forge welding, shielded metal arc welding is probably the commonest form of welding used today as well as the semi and fully automated processes such as gas metal arc welding (MIG) and flux-cored arc welding and as the technology advances ever onwards so too does the welding systems such as laser beam welding and electron beam welding. Total Aluminium manufacture a range of energy efficient products for residential, commercial and retail applications. Finished sapphire covers could cost as much as $40-$45, compared with less than $10 for Gorilla Glass, the screen of choice for most smartphones, according to analysts. Vitex Extrusion serves system integrators, OEMs and other manufacturers throughout the United States. Operating 24/7 from our world class 115,000sqft facility in Franklin, NH, we provide aluminum design support and prototyping, custom aluminum extrusions, aluminum fabrication, CNC machining and tooling, as well as parts assembly, packaging and supply chain solutions.<br><br>Marine Resources specialises in providing expert recruitment services to the marine industry worldwide. Jobseekers - Register your CV now to receive the latest vacancies and be matched to your ideal job. Employers - Choose from a variety of recruitment options which include a full consultancy service as well as a unique job advertising package. Remember that the front part of the LME copper curve CMCU0-3 has been consistently in backwardation since July of last year. It is still in backwardation. Almost all extrusions are made from 6000 (Al-Mg-Si) series alloys, with 6061 being the most popular alloy in the series. The reason for its popularity is that the 6000 series alloys don't work-harden quickly. This means the alloy can be more easily extruded and profiles more cost effectively manufactured. Our expert engineering department is available to you for any technical or fabrication issue. Our fabrication facilities can perform many varied operations amongst which are: Grinding, Swaging, Welding, Punching, Painting, Bending, Expanding, Drilling, Heat treating, Forming, Cutting, Flattening, Threading, Flaring, Chamfering, Notching, Tapering, Milling, Assembly and CNC machining.<br><br>Are you interested in becoming a Reynaers [http://www.kamhunghk.com/en/services_sub4.php structural steelwork fabricator]? We would love to hear from you! Contact us and come witness our expertise first-hand, during a company visit. Similar to MIG welding in that the weld area is also protected from atmospheric contamination via an inert gas (usually Helium or Argon or a combination), and a filler metal is often used, although certain welds, called autogenous welds, do not require this. The constant-current produces energy which in turn, is conducted across the arc through a combination of ionized gas and metal vapours which is known as plasma. The mine shutdown had stoked fears of a global supply shortage. But once over, concerns that there would be too much supply amid slowing demand accelerated copper's decline. Interested in solar powering your home? Learn more about solar panels for home use You can install them yourself! Bristol Aluminum's catalog consists of a wide array of standard extruded aluminum shapes available to you without a tooling charge. Address: Jebel Ali Industrial Area # 3, Jebel Ali Industrial Area, DubaiLandmark: Near Falcon Chemicals, Dubai. See full address and map.

Revision as of 17:11, 24 November 2017

TOKYO Japan's aluminum premium for shipments during January to March next year was set at $95 per ton, as spot premiums rose following a disruption at an Australian smelter, six sources directly involved in the quarterly pricing talks said. Guangdong is an aluminum fabricating base in China, the world's top consumer and producer of aluminum. Any unexpected move in exports could drive global prices. But declines in base metals picked up the pace on Friday, with copper the biggest loser in the commodities complex. Keep an eye on that inbox! You should receive your first newsletter within the next week. The quarterly pricing negotiations began last month between Japanese buyers and global producers, including Alcoa Inc , Rio Tinto and South32 Ltd, with offers ranging between $80 and $82 a tonne. Over the years we've worked closely with companies that make a diverse array of products. We have learned about the needs of several different industries because we've devised customized aluminum fabrication and manufacturing strategies to meet their specifications. However, we understand every company or product is different even if they belong to the same industry. We tailor-make solutions for every client's company, goals, and aluminum needs. This refers to toys, bookmarks, etc. It is fun to put some aluminum beads to a toy elephant. The bookmark you can use or give to a friend as present. It sure will be appreciated. You can make flower arrangements with different colors of beads, or make a hit with some woven works that include beads.

I wish to applyfor the position, above,ask advertice on on 24 june 2013. (Pleace addyour message here) my position SPRAY PAINTER, my contact number. 09399547809. Most fabricating plants in Nanhai city, which consumes about 60,000 tonnes of aluminium per month, had closed shop for the Lunar New Year next week, the fabricating sources said. Aluminium can also be used for bed skirting. Here, the fabricator puts a decorative aluminium fabric in between the mattress and the bed's box spring. This helps to achieve a stylish appearance of the bed without revealing the spring part as well as any space below the bed that is used for storing items. This kind of fabrication is good for those who want their beds to look different, unique and fashionable. Good reputations take years to develop. At Whitehall Industries we understand the importance of continually building our reputation as a manufacturer of world class quality machined and fabricated aluminum extrusion. In turn, our good reputation protects yours.

In one scene, Mahmoud and his team take Adnan on his first visit to the Burj Khalifa - more than two years after its lavish opening. Starting in Blacksmiths shops with forge welding, shielded metal arc welding is probably the commonest form of welding used today as well as the semi and fully automated processes such as gas metal arc welding (MIG) and flux-cored arc welding and as the technology advances ever onwards so too does the welding systems such as laser beam welding and electron beam welding. Total Aluminium manufacture a range of energy efficient products for residential, commercial and retail applications. Finished sapphire covers could cost as much as $40-$45, compared with less than $10 for Gorilla Glass, the screen of choice for most smartphones, according to analysts. Vitex Extrusion serves system integrators, OEMs and other manufacturers throughout the United States. Operating 24/7 from our world class 115,000sqft facility in Franklin, NH, we provide aluminum design support and prototyping, custom aluminum extrusions, aluminum fabrication, CNC machining and tooling, as well as parts assembly, packaging and supply chain solutions.

Marine Resources specialises in providing expert recruitment services to the marine industry worldwide. Jobseekers - Register your CV now to receive the latest vacancies and be matched to your ideal job. Employers - Choose from a variety of recruitment options which include a full consultancy service as well as a unique job advertising package. Remember that the front part of the LME copper curve CMCU0-3 has been consistently in backwardation since July of last year. It is still in backwardation. Almost all extrusions are made from 6000 (Al-Mg-Si) series alloys, with 6061 being the most popular alloy in the series. The reason for its popularity is that the 6000 series alloys don't work-harden quickly. This means the alloy can be more easily extruded and profiles more cost effectively manufactured. Our expert engineering department is available to you for any technical or fabrication issue. Our fabrication facilities can perform many varied operations amongst which are: Grinding, Swaging, Welding, Punching, Painting, Bending, Expanding, Drilling, Heat treating, Forming, Cutting, Flattening, Threading, Flaring, Chamfering, Notching, Tapering, Milling, Assembly and CNC machining.

Are you interested in becoming a Reynaers structural steelwork fabricator? We would love to hear from you! Contact us and come witness our expertise first-hand, during a company visit. Similar to MIG welding in that the weld area is also protected from atmospheric contamination via an inert gas (usually Helium or Argon or a combination), and a filler metal is often used, although certain welds, called autogenous welds, do not require this. The constant-current produces energy which in turn, is conducted across the arc through a combination of ionized gas and metal vapours which is known as plasma. The mine shutdown had stoked fears of a global supply shortage. But once over, concerns that there would be too much supply amid slowing demand accelerated copper's decline. Interested in solar powering your home? Learn more about solar panels for home use You can install them yourself! Bristol Aluminum's catalog consists of a wide array of standard extruded aluminum shapes available to you without a tooling charge. Address: Jebel Ali Industrial Area # 3, Jebel Ali Industrial Area, DubaiLandmark: Near Falcon Chemicals, Dubai. See full address and map.