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BOOK OF THE WEEK <br><br>Koh-i-Noor: The Hi story Of The World 's Most Infamous Diamond<br><br>by William Dalrymple and Anita Anand<br><br>(Bloomsbury £16.99)<br><br>The Koh-i-Noor diamond, which weighs 105 carats (or 21 grams), currently resides in the Queen Consort's crown, kept under guard in the Tower of London.<br><br>The Queen Mother wore it to State Openings of Parliament during the reign of George VI, and its last public outing was upon the cushion on the coffin at her state funeral in 2002.<br><br>Its next wearer is likely to be ‘Queen' Camilla at the coronation of King Charles III. If the Duchess of Cornwall reads this book about its history, however, she may start to have misgivings.<br><br>Coronation gem: The Queen Mother wearing the Koh-i-Noor (circled) in 1937, with Princess Elizabeth <br><br>‘The gem rained misfortune on unworthy mortal custodians,' we are told by William Dalrymple and Anita Anand.<br><br>On the very day it arrived in London in 1850, Queen Victoria was hit on the head by a would-be assassin and former prime minister Robert Peel was thrown from his horse — an accident that killed him.<br><br>The Koh-i-Noor, with its ‘short but irregular crystal tails', got its name (meaning ‘mountain of light') from its resemblance to ‘declivities falling from a Himalayan snow-peak'.<br><br>RELATED ARTICLES<br>Previous<br><br>1<br>Next<br><br>Beastly swots, jolly japes and very big knickers: Julie... 'It was a bug more deadly than bullets or bombs': How in... <br>Share this article<br>Share Indian diamonds are alluvial, sieved and extracted as natural crystals from the sand and gravel of riverbeds.<br><br>Quite where the Koh-i-Noor came from nobody knows — it may have been the eye of an idol in a temple in southern India, stolen by marauding Turks. But we do know it was at the centre of centuries of bloody conquests as it bounced bewilderingly between rulers and despots.<br><br>By 500BC in Asia, diamonds were fashioned into rings — ‘gods were supposed to dwell in a particle of diamond' — and in the Indian royal courts, jewellery rather than clothing was the principal form of adornment. Princes and their concubines were covered in ‘a fabulous profusion of jewelled ornaments' as a conspicuous display of power.<br><br>Koh-i-Noor: The Hi story Of The World 's Most Infamous Diamond by William Dalrymple and Anita Anand<br><br>Dalrymple and Anand first find a mention of the Koh-i-Noor in 1547. It next turns up in the despatch of a British ambassador in 1616, who described the Mughal emperors as ‘laden with diamonds, rubies, pearls'.<br><br>Shah Jahan, builder of the Taj Mahal, acquired the jewel in 1656, and believed it made him ‘a sun king, almost a sun god'.<br><br>At the Red Fort in Agra he commissioned the Peacock Throne, ‘designed to resemble and evoke the fabled throne of Solomon', which had a canopy studded with gems and held aloft on a column of emeralds. The Koh-i-Noor was set in the peacock's crown and was guarded by eunuchs.<br><br>Jahan was imprisoned by his sons and died in captivity. His successors were variously murdered — one of them was first blinded with a hot needle, the father of another ruler was ‘forced off a precipice on his elephant' and wives and mothers were strangled.<br><br>Delhi was then invaded by Persians and, in 1739, the populace put to the sword. ‘It seemed as if it were raining blood, for the drains were streaming with it,' ran a report.<br><br>Nader Shah, the scourge of the Ottoman Empire, transported the Mughal treasury to Tehran in a caravan consisting of 700 elephants, 4,000 camels and 12,000 horses. He'd received the Koh-i-Noor from the defeated Mughal emperor, Mohammud Shah, who wore it in his turban.<br><br>Nader Shah was the kind of despot who had his son blinded ‘and his eyes brought to him on a platter'. When he was assassinated, the Koh-i-Noor was spirited away to Kandahar. Nader Shah's grandson had molten lead poured over his head to try to force revelation of its whereabouts.<br><br>The jewel next appeared in the possession of Ahmad Shah, who had a gangrenous ulcer on his face that ravaged his brain.<br><br>The Koh-i-Noor diamond, which weighs 105 carats (or 21 grams), currently resides in the Queen Consort's crown, kept under guard in the Tower of London.<br><br>‘By 1772, maggots were dropping from the upper part of Ahmad Shah's rotten nose into his mouth and food as he ate.' He ingeniously hid the Koh-i-Noor from his enemies in a crack in the wall.<br><br>Examining poems, illuminated manuscripts and sculpted friezes, Dalrymple and Anand next spot the jewel on a bracelet in Kabul. Was it taken there by an Afghan bodyguard or a harem attendant? New owner Maharaja Ranjit Singh ‘loved the Koh-i-Noor with a rare passion and wore it on all public occasions'.<br><br>By this stage, the British were establishing themselves in India. When Ranjit died, English diplomats were appalled to have to witness the ‘abominable ceremony' of suttee, in which his wives, ‘devoted to their husband in life and beyond', were compelled to incinerate themselves on his cremation pyre.<br><br>As the cruelties mount up — dismembering troublesome relatives and leaving them to bleed to death; protracted poisonings; so-called accidents with ‘a double-barrelled fowling-piece'; the plundering of people's property — it is evident that the Koh-i-Noor was, quite simply, a spoil of war.<br><br>In fact, the jewel never peaceably changed hands. Within a few years of Ranjit's death in 1839, three Maharajas who hoped to possess it were murdered.<br><br>Its next wearer is likely to be ‘Queen' Camilla at the coronation of King Charles III. If the Duchess of Cornwall reads this book about its history, however, she may start to have misgivings<br><br>Ten years later, on the British conquest of the Punjab, the Koh-i-Noor, as ‘the single most valuable object in India', was handed to the Earl of Dalhousie, representing Queen Victoria. It was transported to England — though an outbreak of cholera on the ship put the vessel in danger of being forcibly sunk for quarantine purposes.<br><br>Once safely in England, it was the star item at the Great Exhibition in 1851. But the diamond was deemed disappointingly dull, so it was cut and polished by Garrard, the Crown jewellers — a process in which it lost 42 per cent of its original weight.<br><br>Queen Victoria wore it on a sash during a visit to Paris, ‘wordlessly conveying a sense of the power and reach of the British monarch'.<br><br>Today, as ‘a sort of historical emblem of conquest in India', the presence of the diamond in London is contentious. India, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan and even the Taliban have asked for its return, and it is now a ‘diplomatic grenade'.<br><br>When, however, James Callaghan was pestered by the prime minister of Pakistan in 1976, it is his response which remains masterly: ‘In the light of the confused past history of the Koh-i-Noor diamond, the clear British title to it [in the 1849 peace treaty with the Maharaja of Lahore, which concluded the Second Anglo-Sikh War], and the multiplicity of claims which would undoubtedly be made to it if its future were ever thought to be in doubt, I could not advise Her Majesty that it should be surrendered to any other country.'<br><br>In light of its poisoned chalice status, the Queen, we note, ‘is taking no chances' and has never personally worn the Koh-i-Noor.<br><br><br><br><br> <br><br>If you loved this post and you would like to acquire a lot more info regarding jewel star kindly go to our webpage.
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Most auto dealers are scrappy entrepreneurs with a lot on their plate. These are independent business people with no real safety net beyond their own wits and cunning. To survive and prosper, they need to understand the market value of many different types of vehicles and be able to find and deliver those cars to a fickle public who rarely trusts them. With all of this going on, they still have to be garage insurance experts at the same time. That's a pretty tall order and confusing terminology doesn't make things simpler for them. Very encouraged after reading the posts. I have a small mass boil near the back end llip of anus. Which is red and painful. Once it bursts, pain finishes. However I see a lot of puss greenish yellow coming from this mass and also noted that the same puss has covered my anus looks like that it has come from inside the anus. I have external piles too but no pain so far from Piles except when I have spicy food. Will try the Ghee + Milk as told and keep posted on the progress. Any suggestion(s) from valued members and moderator will be appreciated. However, the next time you are in a conversation where general hatred is being aimed at Florida home insurance companies don't paint all of the companies with the same brush. Many of the newer companies are covering your higher risk homes, taking steps to reduce costs and your premiums, and assuming risks that used to be part of Citizens Property Insurance Corporation. Wikipedia defines ‘Employee benefits' as a set of perquisites or non-wage compensations enjoyed by employees apart from their normal wages. I don't think the cause-effect you're purporting is that clear cut. I can think of many reasons the companies would act as they have done-and none of the reasons have anything to do with the veracity of the group's claim. Another point to consider when taking out a travel insurance policy is what exclusions and excesses apply. Many travel insurers have a blanket exclusion to cover acts of terrorism. It is worth checking with your insurer what their position on this is prior to purchasing your travel insurance policy. Also the compulsory excess may vary from insurer to insurer. This may affect the travel insurance premium you are quoted when obtaining an insurance quote. Remember, in the event of a travel insurance claim, you will be expected to pay the excess so it is worthwhile considering if this is acceptable to you. The best thing to do is obtain a number of travel insurance quotes especially if you are thinking of buying an annual travel insurance single premium policy. Then compare what each insurer offers so you know which one offers you the best deal.<br><br>If you love your job and it is rewarding and you work for a great company then there may be no need to reinvent your career. However, if you have been laid off or you just cannot take another day at your job, then let us look at some examples of people who successfully made the transition in reinventing their careers. Think of it as recycling your knowledge base to create a new career or business. Very interesting and humorous and detailed at the same time. Thanks for sharing! On the lower end of the estimate range, a University of Michigan report found that 15% to 18% of children in the United States live with a chronic health condition. Marcy Goodfleisch - You nailed it. There probably isn't anything looming at the end of the year, but preparation never hurt anyone. They might make it easier or harder to follow that principle, but the right thing to do is the right thing to do, regardless of how anybody feels about it. Hi there. I'm not a permanent government employee, that being the reason why my employment at an LGU was terminated last June 30, 2010 after my mayor lost in the election. I was a member of GSIS for 9 years and have many loans with GSIS that went unpaid due to tough times, me being a single parent with a daughter & an elderly mother to take care of. What benefits can I expect given that I've many loans such as Conso-Loan, Calamity Loan, etc. I've been unemployed since June 30, 2010 and didn't return to any kind of regular paid employment for the past 14 months already. Reason why I don't approach GSIS is because of these loans. Please enlighten me. Thank you.<br><br>Great article,am just a starter in Insurance and financial consultant business but have liked the information shared and the comments of the readers. I'd like to pay this cheque in, please order stromectol Lexi-Drugs, comp + specialties computer program. Lexi-Comp; Ver. 4.0/August 31, 2004. They could find a receptive audience: fears over the recession mean increasing numbers of sixth-formers are questioning the cost of a degree - and how much value for money it represents. Under this system of farming also the major emphasis is laid on rearing of animals but the farmers live a settled life. This type of farming has developed on a commercial basis in those areas of the world where large areas are available for animal grazing, such as the low rainfall areas of North America, South America and Australia.  [http://www.usaoverseainsurance.com/step/ 買美國人壽保險] Animals are reared mainly for meat and wool and they are kept on large scale farms called the ranches. While not everyone will necessarily agree with the grim view taken by the two executives, their verbalized thoughts highlight one of the biggest challenges facing insurance companies in the European Union as Solvency II comes into effect - data management and data warehouse infrastructure. Pet are allowed with the normal restrictions. If your pet likes to boogie board, you'll have to find somewhere else to do that. Pets are not allowed on the beach or in public facilities and must be kept on a leash. One of the most common signs that your dentist is just trying to make money off you is that you are told you need a lot more work done than you would imagine. If you brush and floss regularly, and keep regular dental appointments, then a practitioner who tells you that you need several fillings may not be truthful. If you are told you need all of your wisdom teeth out today when they are not bothering you or even decayed, you should be a little leery. Of course, it is possible that you have more decay than you might assume, which is why the best course of action is to get a second opinion. In fact, many dentists offer these for free or very cheap. Talk to at least one other practitioner to find out if you really do need the services proposed by your original dentist.<br><br>That means huge numbers of people are leaving the UK every year without appropriate cover - and the result could be calamitous. These voters weren't Obamacare fans, for sure, and many said they were angry other people seemed to be getting more financial help paying for insurance. But these voters were in no mood to restore the pre-Obamacare status quo. expect varying standards of road quality; pot holes, sand traps (on the islands), oil leaks and random debris everywhere. To get started comparing used car insurance rates, visit our quotes page now( ). In this study, doctors studied 222 IBD patients and 224 healthy individuals (controls) during 1,099 total trips. They collected data via structured questionnaires, personal interviews and chart reviews. While traveling to industrialized countries , illness occurred during 13.9 percent of the trips made by IBD patients in contrast to 3.3 percent of trips made by controls. However, during travel to developing or tropical regions , the rate of illness was similar between both groups: 17 percent for IBD patients versus 21 percent for controls. Because traveler diarrhea and other intestinal infectious diseases predominately afflict travelers to developing countries, this unexpected observation suggests that IBD travelers as a whole do not stand a higher risk of contracting intestinal infections while traveling compared with the non-IBD population. Interestingly, IBD patients who had set out to travel after enjoying more than three months without symptomatic disease (a state termed as clinical remission) had an overall similar risk of illness during the trip as their healthy counterparts, regardless of the country destinations.<br><br>Farm and ranch operators obtaining health insurance through off-farm or ranch employment were far more likely to have dental insurance (64%) than those purchasing their health insurance in the individual, non-group market (12%). Finding the best and the most affordable auto insurance is complicated nowadays. This is because the number of companies offering these services is quite extensive and keeps increasing with every passing year. Most auto owners, however, still feel frustrated and puzzled by such an impressive choice and because of the inability to decide on the most suitable option. To prevent such situations and help auto owners choose the auto insurance quotes that meet their needs and budget, AutoInsuRoss has provided the list of useful reviews containing all the required information. SuzieCat7, What an elucidating, intelligent, thoughtful comparison of select health care systems throughout the world! You do a great job of making it easy for readers to come to their own conclusions and to understand your summaries. You begin and end with the same important comparative criteria which you maintain throughout: coverage, eligibility, financing, and impact. There are a number of countries which showcase particularly well, such as Canada and Iceland, and others which now can be identified as potential beneficiaries of change. Additionally, it's great to have the comparative life expectancies at the end of the analysis of each country. Replacement value, on the other hand, is the better deal. It offers to replace your house or contents - no matter what the cost. Depreciation really does not even enter the picture. Neither is there a ceiling on the limits, either. In other words, if your house is worth $100,000 and becomes destroyed, you will get an equivalent house built for you - even if it costs $120,000 to do it.

Revision as of 15:31, 24 November 2017

Most auto dealers are scrappy entrepreneurs with a lot on their plate. These are independent business people with no real safety net beyond their own wits and cunning. To survive and prosper, they need to understand the market value of many different types of vehicles and be able to find and deliver those cars to a fickle public who rarely trusts them. With all of this going on, they still have to be garage insurance experts at the same time. That's a pretty tall order and confusing terminology doesn't make things simpler for them. Very encouraged after reading the posts. I have a small mass boil near the back end llip of anus. Which is red and painful. Once it bursts, pain finishes. However I see a lot of puss greenish yellow coming from this mass and also noted that the same puss has covered my anus looks like that it has come from inside the anus. I have external piles too but no pain so far from Piles except when I have spicy food. Will try the Ghee + Milk as told and keep posted on the progress. Any suggestion(s) from valued members and moderator will be appreciated. However, the next time you are in a conversation where general hatred is being aimed at Florida home insurance companies don't paint all of the companies with the same brush. Many of the newer companies are covering your higher risk homes, taking steps to reduce costs and your premiums, and assuming risks that used to be part of Citizens Property Insurance Corporation. Wikipedia defines ‘Employee benefits' as a set of perquisites or non-wage compensations enjoyed by employees apart from their normal wages. I don't think the cause-effect you're purporting is that clear cut. I can think of many reasons the companies would act as they have done-and none of the reasons have anything to do with the veracity of the group's claim. Another point to consider when taking out a travel insurance policy is what exclusions and excesses apply. Many travel insurers have a blanket exclusion to cover acts of terrorism. It is worth checking with your insurer what their position on this is prior to purchasing your travel insurance policy. Also the compulsory excess may vary from insurer to insurer. This may affect the travel insurance premium you are quoted when obtaining an insurance quote. Remember, in the event of a travel insurance claim, you will be expected to pay the excess so it is worthwhile considering if this is acceptable to you. The best thing to do is obtain a number of travel insurance quotes especially if you are thinking of buying an annual travel insurance single premium policy. Then compare what each insurer offers so you know which one offers you the best deal.

If you love your job and it is rewarding and you work for a great company then there may be no need to reinvent your career. However, if you have been laid off or you just cannot take another day at your job, then let us look at some examples of people who successfully made the transition in reinventing their careers. Think of it as recycling your knowledge base to create a new career or business. Very interesting and humorous and detailed at the same time. Thanks for sharing! On the lower end of the estimate range, a University of Michigan report found that 15% to 18% of children in the United States live with a chronic health condition. Marcy Goodfleisch - You nailed it. There probably isn't anything looming at the end of the year, but preparation never hurt anyone. They might make it easier or harder to follow that principle, but the right thing to do is the right thing to do, regardless of how anybody feels about it. Hi there. I'm not a permanent government employee, that being the reason why my employment at an LGU was terminated last June 30, 2010 after my mayor lost in the election. I was a member of GSIS for 9 years and have many loans with GSIS that went unpaid due to tough times, me being a single parent with a daughter & an elderly mother to take care of. What benefits can I expect given that I've many loans such as Conso-Loan, Calamity Loan, etc. I've been unemployed since June 30, 2010 and didn't return to any kind of regular paid employment for the past 14 months already. Reason why I don't approach GSIS is because of these loans. Please enlighten me. Thank you.

Great article,am just a starter in Insurance and financial consultant business but have liked the information shared and the comments of the readers. I'd like to pay this cheque in, please order stromectol Lexi-Drugs, comp + specialties computer program. Lexi-Comp; Ver. 4.0/August 31, 2004. They could find a receptive audience: fears over the recession mean increasing numbers of sixth-formers are questioning the cost of a degree - and how much value for money it represents. Under this system of farming also the major emphasis is laid on rearing of animals but the farmers live a settled life. This type of farming has developed on a commercial basis in those areas of the world where large areas are available for animal grazing, such as the low rainfall areas of North America, South America and Australia. 買美國人壽保險 Animals are reared mainly for meat and wool and they are kept on large scale farms called the ranches. While not everyone will necessarily agree with the grim view taken by the two executives, their verbalized thoughts highlight one of the biggest challenges facing insurance companies in the European Union as Solvency II comes into effect - data management and data warehouse infrastructure. Pet are allowed with the normal restrictions. If your pet likes to boogie board, you'll have to find somewhere else to do that. Pets are not allowed on the beach or in public facilities and must be kept on a leash. One of the most common signs that your dentist is just trying to make money off you is that you are told you need a lot more work done than you would imagine. If you brush and floss regularly, and keep regular dental appointments, then a practitioner who tells you that you need several fillings may not be truthful. If you are told you need all of your wisdom teeth out today when they are not bothering you or even decayed, you should be a little leery. Of course, it is possible that you have more decay than you might assume, which is why the best course of action is to get a second opinion. In fact, many dentists offer these for free or very cheap. Talk to at least one other practitioner to find out if you really do need the services proposed by your original dentist.

That means huge numbers of people are leaving the UK every year without appropriate cover - and the result could be calamitous. These voters weren't Obamacare fans, for sure, and many said they were angry other people seemed to be getting more financial help paying for insurance. But these voters were in no mood to restore the pre-Obamacare status quo. expect varying standards of road quality; pot holes, sand traps (on the islands), oil leaks and random debris everywhere. To get started comparing used car insurance rates, visit our quotes page now( ). In this study, doctors studied 222 IBD patients and 224 healthy individuals (controls) during 1,099 total trips. They collected data via structured questionnaires, personal interviews and chart reviews. While traveling to industrialized countries , illness occurred during 13.9 percent of the trips made by IBD patients in contrast to 3.3 percent of trips made by controls. However, during travel to developing or tropical regions , the rate of illness was similar between both groups: 17 percent for IBD patients versus 21 percent for controls. Because traveler diarrhea and other intestinal infectious diseases predominately afflict travelers to developing countries, this unexpected observation suggests that IBD travelers as a whole do not stand a higher risk of contracting intestinal infections while traveling compared with the non-IBD population. Interestingly, IBD patients who had set out to travel after enjoying more than three months without symptomatic disease (a state termed as clinical remission) had an overall similar risk of illness during the trip as their healthy counterparts, regardless of the country destinations.

Farm and ranch operators obtaining health insurance through off-farm or ranch employment were far more likely to have dental insurance (64%) than those purchasing their health insurance in the individual, non-group market (12%). Finding the best and the most affordable auto insurance is complicated nowadays. This is because the number of companies offering these services is quite extensive and keeps increasing with every passing year. Most auto owners, however, still feel frustrated and puzzled by such an impressive choice and because of the inability to decide on the most suitable option. To prevent such situations and help auto owners choose the auto insurance quotes that meet their needs and budget, AutoInsuRoss has provided the list of useful reviews containing all the required information. SuzieCat7, What an elucidating, intelligent, thoughtful comparison of select health care systems throughout the world! You do a great job of making it easy for readers to come to their own conclusions and to understand your summaries. You begin and end with the same important comparative criteria which you maintain throughout: coverage, eligibility, financing, and impact. There are a number of countries which showcase particularly well, such as Canada and Iceland, and others which now can be identified as potential beneficiaries of change. Additionally, it's great to have the comparative life expectancies at the end of the analysis of each country. Replacement value, on the other hand, is the better deal. It offers to replace your house or contents - no matter what the cost. Depreciation really does not even enter the picture. Neither is there a ceiling on the limits, either. In other words, if your house is worth $100,000 and becomes destroyed, you will get an equivalent house built for you - even if it costs $120,000 to do it.